Where Does the Software Installed Through the Terminal in macOS Come From?

When you install software through the terminal on macOS, the origin and process of these packages can be quite different from the typical AppStore experience. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide to understanding where this software comes from and what you need to know.

The Role of macOS AppStore

macOS does not include a native package manager like some Linux distributions do. For the vast majority of macOS users, the AppStore serves as the primary and most reliable package manager. This store is vetted by Apple, ensuring that the software is of a high standard and free from malware or malicious software.

Using Package Managers: MacPorts and HomeBrew

For the technically inclined or those seeking software not available on the AppStore, macOS supports several package managers, such as MacPorts and HomeBrew. These tools are more akin to the package management systems commonly found in Linux distributions, allowing users to install and manage a wide range of software.

When you use these package managers, the software is typically sourced from public repositories maintained by a community of developers. These repositories store the packages, and when you issue an installation command, the package manager will download and install the software along with any dependencies it needs to run properly.

Software Distribution and Quality Control

When you install software through these package managers, you are essentially downloading packages that are managed and distributed by other developers. These packages go through a review process before they are admitted into the public repositories. However, even with this review, software might still contain bugs or compatibility issues with your specific system.

Key Points:

Software quality is usually well-screened, but it is not guaranteed to be perfect. No express or implied warranty is provided with the software. Customer satisfaction or a refund mechanism applies.

Legal and Licensing Considerations

Many of the software packages you can install through Terminal tools are free to use—in both the terms of free beer and free speech. However, free as in free speech does not always mean free in practice. This can be particularly relevant when dealing with software libraries or tools that have associated licenses.

Understanding Licenses:

Ensure you are aware of the licensing restrictions and terms of use. Always read the license agreement carefully, as some commercial licenses may not be compatible with the software. Some software might include non-free components, which may have restrictions on redistribution or use.

For instance, ffmpeg includes non-free libraries, which can be used at no cost, but redistribution of certain binaries is restricted due to license incompatibilities.

By understanding the origins and distribution of software installed through the terminal, you can better navigate the macOS ecosystem and make informed decisions about the tools and utilities you install on your machine.