Understanding the Differences Between Windows 10 on ARM and Windows RT
Microsoft has significantly evolved its operating system portfolio over the years, particularly with the advent of ARM-based devices in the tablet and laptop markets. Two notable operating systems within this landscape are Windows RT and Windows 10 on ARM. Both are designed for ARM architecture, but they differ greatly in terms of their purpose, functionality, and user experience. This article aims to elucidate the key differences between these two operating systems, highlighting which is more suitable for various use cases.
Windows RT: An Early Attempt at ARM
Release: Launched in 2012 alongside Windows 8.
Application Compatibility: Windows RT was limited to running only apps from the Windows Store. It lacked support for traditional desktop applications, known as Win32 apps, which severely restricted its functionality compared to more comprehensive Windows versions.
Target Devices: This operating system was primarily designed for low-power tablets and devices like the Microsoft Surface RT. These devices were intended to offer a cost-effective and energy-efficient computing experience for users.
User Interface: The user interface of Windows RT was similar to that of Windows 8, featuring a Metro-style design that emphasized touch and swiping interactions.
Updates: While Windows RT could receive updates through Windows Update, the platform was relatively limited in terms of features, which made it less appealing for power users and professionals.
Windows 10 on ARM: A More Advanced Platform
Release: Introduced in December 2017 with the launch of Windows 10.
Application Compatibility: Windows 10 on ARM supports both Universal Windows Platform (UWP) apps from the Microsoft Store and traditional x86 Win32 applications through emulation. This wide compatibility makes it a versatile choice for a broader range of devices, including laptops and 2-in-1s, alongside tablets.
Target Devices: This operating system is designed for a wider range of devices, including not just low-power tablets but also more powerful laptops and 2-in-1 devices that require richer, more robust functionality.
User Interface: Windows 10 on ARM retains the Windows 10 interface, which is known for its flexibility and user-friendly design. Users can switch between traditional desktop and modern app modes seamlessly.
Performance: Windows 10 on ARM offers better performance and capabilities. It supports more advanced features like Windows Hello for biometric login and Cortana for voice commands. These enhancements make it a more competitive choice for both personal and professional use.
Platform Differences and Development Path
Windows RT was essentially a mirror of Windows 8, designed to run on Nvidia mobile ARM chips. It lacked the sophisticated x86 architecture and support for traditional desktop applications. In contrast, Windows 10 on ARM was specifically designed for Qualcomm ARM chips, created as a desktop-oriented ARM platform.
Windows RT was Microsoft’s initial attempt at creating a tablet OS for the 32-bit ARM platform. It was a simplified version of Windows 8, meant to be a reference Windows tablet OS. However, like Windows Mobile and Windows Phone, it failed to gain traction. The ecosystem of Metro apps did not attract enough third-party developers, leading to limited functionality.
Windows 10 on ARM took a different approach by porting the entire 'desktop' OS to the 64-bit ARM platform. This included implementing a usable x86 translation layer to allow users to run desktop applications. Unfortunately, the early iterations of Windows 10 on ARM were severely criticized for being slow and laggy, and were priced exorbitantly compared to entry-level x86 devices.
Lessons and Future Prospects
Despite several attempts, Microsoft has struggled with their forays into the mobile and tablet market. The flops of Windows Mobile, Windows Phone 7, 8.x, and Windows 10 Mobile reflect the challenges of competing in a market dominated by Android and iOS. Each attempt resulted in significant criticism and lack of enthusiasm from both the public and the tech community, with die-hard Microsoft fanboys being the primary exception.
Windows 10 on ARM, while more advanced than its predecessor, still faces challenges. Early adopters and reviews have pointed to performance issues and high prices. However, the continued evolution of ARM-based devices suggests that Microsoft may continue to refine and improve this platform, potentially addressing the issues that plagued earlier versions.
Conclusion: While Windows RT was limited in functionality and application compatibility, Windows 10 on ARM represents a more advanced and flexible operating system, better suited for a broader range of devices. As ARM technology continues to advance, it will be exciting to see how Microsoft evolves and optimizes this platform for the future.