Understanding Over-Correction of Myopia: Myths and Facts

Myopia, commonly known as short-sightedness, is a vision condition where the eyeball is too long, causing light to focus on a point in front of the retina instead of directly on it. This article aims to clear confusion about over-correction of myopia, examining whether such correction can slow down or improve the condition. Using expert insights and scientific understanding, we will debunk myths and provide clear advice.

What is Myopia?

By Ben Wilkinson, FRCSC (2020 Dec)

Myopia is characterized by an eyeball that grows longer optically than it should. This condition appears to be largely hereditary and develops during a person's growth before stabilizing around age 17-21. Myopia is on the rise, leading to debates on its causes. One popular theory, supported by Ben Wilkinson, is that the growth spurt in modern diets and lifestyles is a significant factor. Patients who show signs of myopia often benefit from regular eye checks to ensure that initial changes in vision are not caused by pseudomyopia, a temporary focusing muscle cramp.

The Risks and Complications of High Myopia

High myopia, defined by a prescription of -6.00D or greater, poses additional risks due to structural issues within the eye. The growing pressure on the sclera (the outer layer of the eye) and the retina (the light-sensitive layer) can cause complications. Proper management is crucial to mitigate these risks.

Myopia: Treatments and Management

While there is currently no method to control the growth of the eyes, various treatments can address the refractive errors caused by myopia. These include:

Glasses and Contact Lenses: These tools correct the refractive error, enabling clear vision. However, whether to wear them constantly or intermittently is a topic of debate. Ortho-K: A system where patients wear special contact lenses at night to alter the shape of the cornea, providing daytime correction without needing to wear glasses. Refractive Surgery: Procedures like LASIK alter the curvature of the cornea to provide long-term correction without the need for glasses or contact lenses.

Myopia Over-Correction: Myths and Facts

The concept of over-correction of myopia is often misunderstood. Here are some common myths and the facts behind them:

Myth 1: Over-correction can slow down the weakening of eyesight.

Fact: Over-correction does not slow down or stop myopia from progressing. It might cause headaches and discomfort due to a smaller image size and altered visual focus. Persistent over-correction can lead to eye strain and fatigue, potentially worsening the condition in the long term.

Myth 2: Certain treatments can improve myopia.

Fact: While some treatments can manage myopia by providing correction, there is no evidence that they can improve the underlying condition or halt its progression. Treatments like those mentioned may offer temporary relief but are not curative for myopia.

Conclusion

Myopia is a complex condition that requires careful management. The majority of individuals experience stabilization in their early 20s, making regular eye examinations essential. Over-correction of myopia is generally not recommended as it can cause more harm than good. Wearing glasses or contact lenses according to prescription can help manage myopia, but these tools should be used carefully to avoid unnecessary strain on the eyes.

For individuals with high myopia, it is crucial to maintain regular eye checks and follow the advice of vision specialists. Seeking professional guidance can ensure that any necessary treatments are safely and effectively applied to manage the condition.