The Untold Story of the Curtiss P-36 Hawk: A Fighter Aircraft's Unsung Performance

Introduction

Though often overshadowed by more popular fighter aircraft such as the P-40 Warhawk, the Curtiss P-36 Hawk played a pivotal role in World War II. As a design from the 1930s, the P-36 demonstrated remarkable performance and durability, making it a formidable opponent in the skies of both Europe and the Pacific. This article delves into the capabilities of the Curtiss P-36 Hawk, comparing its performance against Axis aircraft and Allied fighters, as well as highlighting its exceptional service during critical periods of the war, including the Battle of Britain and the Battle of Midway.

Performance and Design

The Curtiss P-36 Hawk was a significant aircraft for its era. With a top speed of 313 mph, it was a solid performer, standing in the same category as the British Hawker Hurricane, which achieved outstanding results during the Battle of Britain. The P-36, while not outperforming the A6M Zero in aerial maneuverability, proved its worth in numerous engagements. Its ability to adapt and serve in various theaters, from France to Finland, underscores its reliability and overall efficiency.

Service in World War II

Performance Against Axis Aircraft

The Curtiss P-36 Hawk served the Allied cause with distinction during the early years of World War II. Prior to World War II, over 300 P-36s were delivered to France, where they were designated as the Hawk 75. Despite the presence of more advanced aircraft like the Moraine-Saulnier MS.406 and Dewoitine D.520, the P-36 performed remarkably well. Interestingly, French pilots who flew the Hawk 75 claimed nearly one-third of all aerial victories, a testament to the aircraft's effectiveness. The P-36's performance in French skies during the early days of the war was critical, formulating expectations for its future roles.

The P-36 in Finland

After the fall of France, the novice pilots of the Finnish Air Force received a significant number of captured P-36s. These aircraft, originally known as the ‘Hawk 75s’, served the Finnish cause exceptionally well, particularly during the Continuation War against the Soviet Union. Losses were minimal, with the aircraft achieving a kill ratio that was quite impressive given the circumstances. The P-36s claimed 190.3 aerial victories, with only 15 aircraft lost. This long-lasting service, extending well into 1948, demonstrates the aircraft's durability and resilience.

Engagement at Pearl Harbor

Perhaps one of the most notable moments showcasing the Curtiss P-36 Hawk's versatility and bravery was during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Far from being mere spectators, five surviving P-36s from Wheeler Field managed to take to the skies. Despite the chaos and intense combat, 2nd Lt. Philip M. Rasmussen, in his P-36, managed to shoot down an enemy aircraft before being engaged and suffering substantial damage. His plane, riddled with 500 bullet holes, exemplifies the harrowing yet courageous nature of the engagements during this pivotal moment in history.

Conclusion

The Curtiss P-36 Hawk, while perhaps not as celebrated as other Allied fighters, remains a testament to the resilience and effectiveness of warplanes in their early days. Its performance against both Axis and Allied aircraft, its service in various theaters, and its significant contributions in several key battles make it a formidable and unsung hero in the pantheon of World War II fighters.

References

Sources and additional information can be found in the following references:

Bernstein, Yoel A. "P-36 Curtiss Hawk." Aircraft Buffs, 14 Aug. 2015, Johnson, Bob. "Pearl Harbor: P-36s in the Sky." Warplane History Magazine, July 2012, Morgan, Howard. "Hawker Hurricane." Aircraft of World War II – The Complete Date Collection. , 2001, _

In conclusion, the Curtiss P-36 Hawk deserves recognition for its contributions to the Allied war effort, standing as a symbol of the enduring spirit of wartime aviation. As we remember the heroes and hardwinnings of World War II, it is crucial to highlight the unsung names and aircraft that played vital roles in the success of the Allied cause.