How to Properly Set Up and Sharpen a Wood Chisel

Wood chisels are indispensable tools in woodworking, providing precision and control for a variety of tasks. Proper setup and sharpening ensure that your chisel not only functions efficiently but also lasts longer. In this guide, we will explore the steps to properly set up and sharpen a wood chisel, making it ready for use in any woodworking project.

Setting Up a New Wood Chisel

A new wood chisel often comes with a slightly concave face. This design is crucial for achieving a perfectly flat surface that is essential for cutting. Japanese chisels, in particular, have a very concave face, which naturally forms a flat edge. To create this flat surface, the easiest and most effective method is to use a diamond lap, preferably made from a 1/4 inch steel plate. A few light rubs are usually sufficient to achieve the desired flatness.

For a new chisel, the bevel should be pre-ground to 25 degrees if it is a concave bevel. Position the chisel with the back and front edges of the bevel touching the diamond lap, creating a narrow second bevel along the cutting edge. A wire edge or burr will form on the face side. Turning the chisel over and gently rubbing the face on the lap will remove this wire edge, resulting in a sharp chisel. For an even sharper edge, a Japanese water stone with 6000 to 8000 grit is necessary. Both the face and the bevel must be frequently dressed to remain flat.

Sharpening Techniques

Sharpening a wood chisel is a critical process that can significantly affect its performance and longevity. There are two primary methods for sharpening: using a diamond lap or a bench grinder.

With a Diamond Lap: Place the chisel with the bevel of the chisel face down on the coarse plate. Apply even pressure on the bevel end of the chisel and push and pull it along the plate. Move evenly across the width of the sharpening plate, making about 10 strokes lengthwise in each pass. This method ensures a consistent and flat edge.With a Bench Grinder: To sharpen a wood chisel using a bench grinder, start by identifying the pitch of the current grind. Once the face of the grind matches the factory grind, use the chisel to slowly move back and forth across an emery stone without applying too much pressure. Ensure the chisel stays cool by dipping it in water every now and again. It is crucial not to overheat the chisel, as it will turn blue and compromise the integrity of the steel. After achieving the full scallop, use a flat emery stone to put the final edge on the chisel tip. Use oil as a lubricant and run the chisel across the stone to get a sharp edge.

Conclusion

Setting up and sharpening a wood chisel is an essential skill for any woodworker. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can ensure that your chisel is ready for any task, providing you with the precision and control needed for your next woodworking project.

Further Reading

To learn more about woodworking tools and techniques, check out these resources:

- Offers detailed tutorials on using and maintaining wood chisels.Popular Mechanics - Provides comprehensive guides on sharpening various tools, including chisels.