Datum vs. Data: Singular vs. Plural Usage in English

Understanding whether to use 'datum' or 'data' as a singular or plural form is crucial for proper language use, especially in academic and technical contexts. Let's explore the nuances and correct usage of these terms.

The Origin and Pluralization

The word 'datum' is a singular form borrowed from Latin. Its plural form is 'data,' following the pluralization rules of Latin neuter nouns: the singular ends with 'um,' and the plural ends with 'a.' For example, a datum refers to a single piece of information, while data refers to multiple pieces of information. However, the use of 'datum' is rare and often considered outdated or obsolete in modern English.

Common Usage in English

Although 'datum' was originally singular in Latin, many contemporary English speakers use the word 'data' both as a singular and a plural. The Oxford English Dictionary allows for the use of 'data' as singular or plural in general usage but is always plural in scientific contexts. In scientific writing, 'the data are' is the preferred construction.

Examples in Context

In scientific writing, 'data' is always treated as a plural form. For example, 'the data are significant.' This is a common usage in articles and journals, ensuring clarity and precision.

In more informal or general contexts, such as conversation or casual writing, 'data' can function as either a singular or plural noun. For instance, 'the data is still under analysis' is acceptable, but 'the data are under analysis' would be more appropriate and preferred.

Many other Latin-derived words ending in '-um' follow a similar pattern of becoming plural in English. Examples include 'media' (plural of 'medium'), 'errata' (plural of 'erratum'), and 'criteria' (plural of 'criterion').

The Singular 'Datum'

While 'datum' is losing favor as a singular form, it is occasionally used in academic writing to denote a single piece of information. However, its usage is becoming increasingly rare, and 'data' is now the more commonly accepted form for both singular and plural contexts.

Conclusion

In summary, while 'datum' originally referred to a single piece of information and 'data' referred to multiple pieces, the distinction between the two is blurring in contemporary English. 'Data' is now commonly used as both singular and plural, with 'datum' primarily retained for its Latin purist usage. Understanding the historical and current usage can help in maintaining clarity and precision in both academic and general contexts.